Where can ATCAA and MOAs be established?

ATCAA (Air Traffic Control Assigned Airspace) and MOAs (Military Operations Areas) can be established in airspace without radar and/or direct communications. This is because the primary purpose of these designations is to support military training operations and activities that may not require constant surveillance or communication with air traffic control.

In practice, ATCAAs allow for the efficient management of airspace for military operations, even in areas where radar coverage may be limited. As military operations can occur in varied environments, these areas are often set up in less restricted airspace that may not be actively monitored, allowing military aircraft to conduct their missions without affecting civilian air traffic.